Understanding the 23andMe BRCA Report

The 23andMe BRCA report is a genetic health risk report that looks for specific variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.

What are BRCA1 and BRCA2?

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are human genes that produce proteins responsible for repairing damaged DNA and play an essential role in maintaining the cell’s genetic material. When either of these genes is mutated or altered, the protein it produces may not function correctly, leading to cells growing and dividing in an uncontrolled manner. This unregulated growth can potentially lead to cancer, particularly breast and ovarian cancer.

What are BRCA1 and BRCA2?

BRCA1 (BReast CAncer gene 1) and BRCA2 (BReast CAncer gene 2) are human genes that belong to a category of genes known as tumor suppressors. They play a critical role in maintaining the stability of a cell’s genetic material (DNA) and preventing uncontrolled cell growth.

Function of BRCA1 and BRCA2

Under normal conditions, the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes help ensure the stability of a cell’s genetic material and prevent uncontrolled cell growth. Mutations of these genes can lead to errors in DNA repair, which in turn may result in genetic changes that can lead to cancer.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations and Cancer Risk

Certain mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes can significantly increase an individual’s risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers. These mutations can be inherited from either parent and can be passed on to both sons and daughters. It is also worth noting that BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations also increase the risk of several other types of cancer, including pancreatic and prostate cancer.

Testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations

Genetic testing is available to check for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. A blood or saliva sample is used for the DNA test. It’s advisable to undergo genetic counseling before and after this testing to understand the potential risks, limitations, and implications of the test results.

What does the BRCA report tell you?

The BRCA report provided by 23andMe looks for three specific variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These variants are most common in people of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. However, they are not the only variants in these genes that can potentially increase the risk of developing cancer.

The report will indicate whether you have one of these three specific variants. If you do, it means you have a significantly increased risk of developing certain types of cancer. However, it’s crucial to note that not having these variants does not mean you are not at risk for these cancers, as there are other genetic and lifestyle factors to consider.

How is the BRCA report generated?

The BRCA report is generated using a saliva sample provided by you, from which DNA is extracted and analyzed. It’s essential to remember that this report does not diagnose cancer or any other health conditions. The results should not be used as a substitute for visits to a healthcare professional for recommended screenings or appropriate follow-up.

Importance of counseling and medical advice

If your BRCA report shows that you have one of the specific BRCA1/BRCA2 variants, it’s essential to discuss the results with a healthcare professional, preferably a genetic counselor. They can provide more detailed information about your risk of developing cancer and potential next steps.

It’s also worth noting that the BRCA report does not account for all possible variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes or other factors that can influence the risk of developing cancer. Therefore, regardless of the report results, it’s vital to follow recommended guidelines for cancer screenings.

In summary, the 23andMe BRCA report can provide valuable information about your genetic risk of developing certain types of cancer. However, it’s crucial to understand what the report can and cannot tell you and discuss the results with a healthcare professional.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does the 23andMe BRCA report test for?

The 23andMe BRCA report tests for three specific genetic variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes associated with an increased risk of developing certain cancers.

If my report shows that I don’t have the specific BRCA1/BRCA2 variants, am I free from the risk of developing cancer?

No. The report only tests for three specific variants out of thousands. There are many other genetic and lifestyle factors that can influence your risk of developing cancer.

I have one of the specific BRCA1/BRCA2 variants. Does it mean I will definitely get cancer?

No. Having a BRCA1 or BRCA2 variant increases your risk of developing certain types of cancer, but it does not guarantee that you will get cancer. It’s essential to discuss your results with a healthcare provider to understand your risk and take appropriate steps for monitoring and prevention.

What should I do if my report shows that I have one of the BRCA1/BRCA2 variants?

If your report shows you have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 variant, it’s important to discuss your results with a healthcare provider or genetic counselor. They can provide further information about your risk and guide you on the next steps, including potential additional testing and preventive measures.

Does the 23andMe BRCA report replace regular cancer screenings?

No. Regardless of your BRCA report results, it’s important to follow the recommended guidelines for cancer screenings based on your age, sex, and personal and family health history.

References

1. “BRCA Mutations: Cancer Risk and Genetic Testing.” National Cancer Institute, 29 Jan. 2018, www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet.
2. “23andMe’s Genetic Health Risk Reports.” 23andMe, www.23andme.com/en-int/health/.